THE ROLE AND POSITION OF WOMEN IN MATRILINEAL MARRIAGE SYSTEM OF TETUN TRIBE, MALAKA REGENCY, EAST NUSA TENGGARA

Abstract

This study examines the role and position of women in the matrilineal marriage system of the Tetun tribe in Malaka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. Unlike the predominantly patrilineal societies in the region, the Tetun community practices a matrilineal kinship system that places women at the center of lineage continuity, inheritance, and customary authority. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation involving Tetun women, traditional leaders, and husbands within matrilineal families. The findings reveal that women perform multidimensional roles encompassing domestic management, customary leadership, social participation, and economic activities. Women particularly those holding the status of feto mak tu uma occupy a strategic position as heirs of lineage, owners of customary property, and key decision-makers in family and customary affairs. The study also indicates that modernization has influenced community perspectives, particularly regarding the importance of formal education for women. These findings confirm the relevance of role theory and matrilineal kinship system theory in explaining women’s authority and social position in Tetun society. This study contributes to the understanding of gender roles in indigenous matrilineal systems and highlights the significance of women’s roles in sustaining cultural continuity amid social change.